Fig. 2

The hOM-MSCs facilitated the recovery of nerve function and the immunomodulation of microglia in the PD mouse model. a The neurologic function score of the open field test shows the activity trace of PD mice (left). The slide scanning technique shows TH⁺ cells (black arrow) immunohistochemical micrograph (medium), and shows Iba1⁺ cells (white arrow) immunofluorescence micrograph in the SN of PD mice (right) (scale bars = 200 μm). b The neurologic function score of the open field test shows the histogram of total distance, average speed, and central time, and the Tatarod test shows the histogram of total distance and escape latency (n = 6). c The histogram showing TH⁺ cell expression and the number of Iba1⁺ cells in (a). d CFT-PET brain imaging showing the distribution of DAT in brain tissue, and [¹⁸F]F-DPA brain imaging showing the distribution of activated microglia mitochondrial outer membrane TSPO in brain tissue. e TEM showing the mitochondria morphology and ultrastructure (yellow arrow) of neurons in the SN of PD mice (scale bars = 2 μm). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ns non-significant. TH tyrosine hydroxylase, hOM-MSCs hypoxia-olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells, SN substantia nigra, SUV standard uptake value, PD Parkinson’s disease, CFT 2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-(N-11C-methyl) tropan, PET positron emission tomography, DAT dopamine transporter, [¹⁸F]F-DPA N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-([¹⁸F]fluoro)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide, TSPO transporter protein, TEM transmission electron microscope, PBS phosphate buffer saline