Table 2 Summary of previous studies on four-dimensional (4D) tracking of spermatozoa using digital in-line holographic microscopy
Year | Object | Content | Reconstruction method | Axial localization algorithm | Tracking algorithm | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | Human spermatozoon | Swimming patterns of spermatozoa, such as typical, helical, hyper-activated, and hyper-helical patterns | Weighted back-projection method | Local extreme contrast | Linking up the nearest three-dimensional (3D) positions of objects in subsequent holograms | [152] |
2022 | Human spermatozoon | Swimming motions of human spermatozoa | Angular spectrum method | DarkFocus algorithm | Connecting 3D positions for each object in subsequent holograms | [153] |
2022 | Human and goat spermatozoa | Comparison of swimming motions of human and goat spermatozoa | Angular spectrum method | DarkFocus algorithm | Connecting 3D positions for each object in subsequent holograms | [154] |
2015 | Arbacia punctulata (A. punctulata) spermatozoon | Swimming motions of A. punctulata spermatozoa navigating 3D chemoattractant gradients provided by an egg for fertilization | Rayleigh-Sommerfeld back-propagation | Gouy phase anomaly and Sobel filtering | Linking 3D positions into continuous trajectories using a custom-made tracking program written in Java | [155] |
2016 | Horse spermatozoon | Swimming patterns of horse spermatozoa, such as irregular, linear, planar, helical, ribbon, and hyper-progressive patterns | Weighted back-projection method | Local extreme contrast | Linking up the nearest 3D positions of objects in subsequent holograms | [156] |
2021 | Mouse spermatozoon | Comparison of swimming motions of a normal mouse and a mouse without tubulin glycosylation | Rayleigh-Sommerfeld back-propagation | Gouy phase anomaly | Connecting 3D positions for each object in subsequent holograms | [157] |